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Climate changes
Forest fires are a recurring phenomenon in various parts of the world, including Indonesia. These fires can be caused by natural factors, such as lightning strikes, or human activities, such as land clearing through burning. The impact of forest fires is extensive, not only damaging ecosystems but also posing serious health risks to humans. This article will discuss the various effects of forest fires on the environment and health, as well as prevention efforts.
Forest fires result in the loss of natural habitats for various species of flora and fauna. Many animals lose their homes and food sources, disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Additionally, fires can destroy plant species that are difficult to regenerate, leading to a loss of biodiversity.
The burning process in forest fires releases greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). These gases contribute to global warming and climate change. Smoke from forest fires can also deteriorate global air quality.
The haze produced by forest fires contains fine particles that pollute the air. This pollution not only affects the areas where the fires occur but can also spread to other regions, even reaching neighboring countries.
Forest fires can decrease the availability of clean water by contaminating water sources and disrupting the hydrological cycle. Ash and fire residues can pollute rivers and lakes, threatening aquatic life and reducing water supply for communities.
Exposure to smoke from forest fires can cause respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory infections (ARI) and asthma. Children, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses are the most vulnerable groups to these effects.
Air pollution from forest fires can also cause eye and skin irritation. Smoke particles entering the eyes can lead to pain, redness, and infections, while long-term exposure can cause skin problems.
A recent study published in 2024 by the Environmental Health Perspectives journal investigated the impact of wildfire smoke on cardiovascular health during the 2022 wildfire season in Montana, USA. The study found that increased exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke—both indoors and outdoors—was significantly associated with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that even short-term exposure to wildfire-related air pollution can have measurable effects on cardiovascular health, highlighting the need for public health strategies to reduce smoke exposure during fire seasons. [1]
The loss of homes, belongings, and economic impact caused by forest fires can lead to stress and psychological disorders for victims. This can affect their mental well-being and quality of life in the long run.
Governments need to tighten regulations regarding forest burning and impose strict sanctions on illegal burners. Supervision of companies and individuals clearing land by burning should also be increased.
Public awareness of the dangers of forest fires must continue to be improved through environmental campaigns and educational programs. Communities should be encouraged to participate in fire prevention using more environmentally friendly methods.
Utilizing technology such as satellite monitoring of fire hotspots and the use of drones can help in the early detection of forest fires. Additionally, modern fire suppression techniques, such as the use of fire-retardant chemicals, can be implemented to reduce fire risks.
Forest fires have far-reaching effects on both the environment and human health. Ecosystem destruction, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution are some of the significant environmental impacts. Meanwhile, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and psychological effects are serious threats to human health. Therefore, forest fire prevention must be a priority through law enforcement, public education, and the application of advanced technology in fire control. Through collective efforts, the negative impacts of forest fires can be minimized for the sustainability of the environment and human health.
Jejakin’s green programs combine high-tech monitoring, biodiversity restoration, and community-led initiatives to deliver powerful, sustainable change across ecosystems.
